Search results for " Chlorination"
showing 5 items of 5 documents
Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: A literature review
2017
Abstract Aging is an agglomerate of biological long-lasting processes that result being inevitable. Main actors in this scenario are both long-term inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been proved that oxidative stress induce alteration in proteins and this fact itself is critically important in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to diseases typical of aging. Among reactive species, chlorine ones such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are cytotoxic oxidants produced by activated neutrophils during chronic inflammation processes. HOCl can also cause damages by reacting with biological molecules. HOCl is generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and augmented serum levels of MPO have been desc…
Drinking water source and cigarette smoking in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
2006
OBJECTIVE: Water source and cigarette smoking are related to clinical characteristics and pathology of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. METHODS: Tumor number, dimension, G-grade, T-stage, recurrences, cigarette smoking and water supply were recorded in patients harboring Ta-T1 G1-3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. RESULTS: Of 577 patients, 61% had multiple and 36% recurrent tumors. Two hundred and forty-one patients (42%) were current smokers and 188 (33%) were former smokers. Bottled water was the only drinkable source for 249 (45%) patients, municipal water supply for 177 (32%), artesian wells for 38 (7%), spring water for 7 (1%) and mixed source for 89 (…
Long-term characterization of trihalomethane levels in drinking water
2010
Water chlorination leads to the formation of trihalomethanes (THM). In this case study, the levels of THM during the chlorination process of the drinking water in Valencia (Spain) were determined over a 12-year period. Different control areas and points were strategically sampled and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Temporal tendencies, as well as spatial and seasonal variations, were established. The individual distribution of THM was also evaluated. Factors such as distances from chlorination points and inter-month seasonal distribution, including ambient temperature effect, were assessed. The range of total THM concentrations measured in the water network goes from 4 to 184 µ…
An efficient method for selective oxidation of (oxime)Pt(II) to (oxime)Pt(IV) species using N,N-dichlorotosylamide
2016
The oxidation of (oxime)PtII species using the electrophilic chlorine-based oxidant N,N-dichlorotosylamide (4-CH3C6H4SO2NCl2) was studied. The reactions of trans-[PtCl2(oxime)2] (where oxime = acetoxime, cyclopentanone oxime, or acetaldoxime) with this oxidant led to trans-[PtCl4(oxime)2] products. The oxidation of trans-[Pt(o-OC6H4CH = NOH)2] at room temperature gave trans-[PtCl2(o-OC6H4CH = NOH)2], whereas the same reaction upon heating was accompanied by electrophilic substitution of the benzene rings. peerReviewed
Dry chlorination of spent nickel metal hydride battery waste for water leaching of battery metals and rare earth elements
2022
An efficient leaching process was developed for nickel, cobalt, and the rare earth elements (REEs) from spent nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery waste. The process involves dry chlorination with ammonium chloride in low temperature to produce water-soluble chlorinated compounds, followed by simple water leaching. The factors affecting the conversion and solubilization were studied, including the amount of ammonium chloride, residence time and temperature in dry chlorination, and solid to liquid ratio, time and temperature in water leaching. As a result, the dry chlorination process was found to produce ammonium and chloride containing products, depending on the temperature of the process: …